Francis Salvador - the Southern Paul Revere

Francis Salvador was a wealthy young Jewish man in England until the collapse of the East India Company. Seeking to reclaim his fortune in the colonies, he traveled to Georgia with a group of 42 Jews in 1773. They moved to South Carolina when the Spaniards, who held Florida at that time, threatened to push into Georgia.

Salvador was quickly caught up in the furor for independence. At the age of 27, he was elected to the South Carolina General Assembly in 1774, even though it was illegal for a Jew to vote, much less serve in elected office.

In 1775 he served in the second South Carolina Provincial Congress. He argued that South Carolina's delegates to the Continental Congress should vote in favor of independence from England. He also fought to ensure payment to the troops in the new Continental Army.

The British had stirred up their Native American allies to fight on the frontier in South Carolina, creating a diversion to keep the militias away from the British troops at the coast. On July 1, 1776, Salvadore earned his nickname Southern Paul Revere when he rode 28 miles to warn of a Cherokee attack on the back country settlements.

On July 31, 1775, Salvador's militia group captured a pair of loyalists who then led the militia into an ambush laid by Cherokee and loyalists. He was shot and scalped, but survived long enough to talk to Colonel William Thompson. Thompson later wrote, "When I came up to him, after dislodging the enemy, and speaking to him, he asked, whether I had beat the enemy? I told him yes. He said he was glad of it, and shook me by the hand - and bade me farewell - and said, he would die in a few minutes."

Francis Salvador, at the age of 29, was the first Jewish soldier killed in the Revolutionary War.




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Michigan's First Jewish Settler

Sometimes it's easy to fall into the rut of thinking all colonial people were British, Protestant, and poor. We remember the Pilgrims barely surviving their first winter, or the Puritans coming in droves to back-breaking labor in an untamed land. But, in fact, people came to our new shores for many different reasons.

Ezekiel Solomon was born in Germany during the Enlightenment Period. He arrived in Montreal, Canada, in the late 1750s. Quite likely he came from a prosperous family, since he had the money to relocate to Canada and the knowledge to run a successful business. He partnered with several other Jewish men and set out for Fort Michilimackinac, where he established his mercantile in 1761.

It was a rough time to live on the northern frontier. This was the end of the French and Indian War, when the British gained control of Fort Michilimackinac and other previously French strongholds in the Great Lakes area. The native tribes, used receiving many gifts from the French, were not happy with the British in power. Pontiac's Rebellion, a coordinated war by Ottawa Chief Pontiac and warriors from many other tribes, came north to Fort Michilimackinac in 1763. During the attack, Ezekiel Solomon and a few others were taken hostage and eventually ransomed in Montreal. Exactly why Solomon was spared when so many others died is unknown.

Returning to Fort Michilimackinac, Solomon restarted his business, making many trips back and forth to Montreal. At some point, he married Louise Dubois, also known as Okimabinesikwe, a practicing Roman Catholic. Their marriage was both inter-racial and inter-faith.

Solomon moved his business several times after the Revolutionary War to avoid living on American soil. He moved first to Mackinac Island, then St. Joseph's Island, and sometime later to Dummond Island.

Ezekiel Solomon was a partner of the Mackinaw Company, organized in 1779 by traders and companies. It is believed to be the first example of a department store operated in the United States.

~ Pegg Thomas

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